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---++ ■ (SPEC) _Iris florentina_ L.

1758, Botanical author Linneaus

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__Iris florentina__ *Linnaeus* (botanical author [[Main.Bio.HybridizerLinnaeusCarl][Linnaeus]]) in Syst. ed. X 863. (see also [[Spec.SpecGermanica][ _Iris germanica_ 'Florentina']]) registered as [[TbFthruJ.TbFlorentina]['Florentina' (TB)]]. (Collected Italy, introduced to northern Europe about 1500); TB; Early bloom season. Color Class-W1; White;

See below:
   * * [[#References][References]]
   * * [[#Synonyms][Synonyms]]
   * * [[#Variations][Variations]]
   * * [[#Hybrids][Hybrids]]
   * * [[#Distribution][Distribution and Cultivation]]

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---+++ <a name="References">References</a>:

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| Gerarde 1597; Dickson 1794. |
| Curtis's Botanical Magazine 18; tab 671, 1803, <img alt='' src='%PUBURL%///Spec/SpecFlorentina/Florentina_Bot_Mag_671.jpg' style='margin: 10px; float: right; height: 400px;' /> offers the following; "Herb cespitose. Root thick, fleshy, horizontal. Leaves shorter than the stem, ensiform, palish green, glaucous, about a foot and a half high. Stem 2-4 branched, round, very slightly compressed, branches gradually shorter upwards, supported by two-valved spathaceous green bracts, the lower-most of which are leaf-like. Involucres 1-2-folwered, spha-dately membranous, rather longer than the germ, but not so long as the tube. Tube greenish, about the length of the ungues; segments of the corollas equal in length; ungues turbinately patent, those of the outer segments twice -- broadest and traversed longitudinally inwards by a narrow fillet of white cilias with deep yellow tips, inner ones convolute; outer laminae obovate-oblong, flattish, inner ones oblong-obovate, rather the broadest, upright connivent, while the outer ones are revolutely deflected. Stigmas pearl-colored somewhat oblong, outer lip entire, rounded; inner bipartate segments acuminate, subserrate, upright recurved, not revolute as in Iris germanica. Germ subsessile, trigonal-oblong 6-sulcate, longer in proportion than that of germanica; but not shorter than the tube. Whole corolla greyish white, outer segments with a somewhat bluer tint; sides of the ungues with brownish or greenish yellow veins. Blooms in May.<br />A native of Italy and other parts of the South of Europe, it grows plentifully on the walls of Florence; cultivated here by Gerarde in 1596. Desfontaines found it in Algiers where it is sown with germanica about graves; he doubts they are specifically distinct.<br />The dried root of this plant was formerly used in medicine but is now confined to some insignificant lozenges as an expectorant, and to the manufactory of the perfumer, to whom it is known by the name Orris or Orrice-root, being used to give certain articles, such as hair-powder, the scent of violets; that which is used for these purposes is imported from Leghorn, as what is produced in our climate has neither the flavour nor other qualities of the Italian root. Ray says the pigment called Verdelis or Iris green is made from the flowers of this species, while Haller and others say from those of Iris germanica.<br />It is perfectly hardy; is progated by parting its roots in Autumn; not quite so common in our gardens as Iris germanica, from which it differs in the color of its flowers and leaves, in the scent of its dried root, in having its spathes mostly sphacelate or membranous, and the tube of its corolla not much longer than its germ as in that. Skynner has derived Orrice from Iris. -G" |
| 1805 Redoute's Les liliaceae<img alt='' src='%PUBURL%///Spec/SpecFlorentina/Iris_florentina_T23.jpg' style='margin: 10px; float: right; height: 400px;' /> |
| Sibthrop, J., Smith, J.E., Flora Graeca (drawings), vol. 1: t. 39 (1806)<img alt='' src='%PUBURL%///Spec/SpecFlorentina/florentina.jpg' style='margin: 10px; float: right; height: 400px;' /> |
| Prince 1823; Watson 1854; |
| Fos. J.R.H.S. 15: 3. Oct. 1889; |
|  The Gardeners' Chronicle 12 Feb. 1889; 14 July 1894; |
| Van T. 1900; Macoun; Farr 1912; |
| Gard. Mag. June 1913; |
| Wing 1920; Bun. 1938; Cli. 1938; Kat. 1939; |
|  "Bearded Iris Tried at Wisley"-Journal of The Royal Horticultural Society 119,; H.C., R.H.S. 1916; AA clvii,; |
| 1939 checklist suggests it is a natural hybrid of probably (aphylla X pallida), but According to Mathew "the name I. florentina has been applied to various forms of Iris. According to the best botanical usage it is not a proper designation of any species of this genus. It is therefore treated here, as a horticultural variety of Iris germanica", another source of the violet scent-Orris root. For more information see listing under Iris germanica 'Florentina'. |

---+++ <a name="Variations">Variations</a>

__Iris florentina__ *cultivars:* [[TbAthruE.TbBlueZua]['Blue Zua']], [[TbAthruE.TbBluzugraf]['Bluzugraf']], [[Ib.IbElizabethHuntington]['Elizabeth Huntington']], [[Ib.IbElsieCrouchDiltz]['Elsie Crouch Diltz']], [[Ib.IbFirmament]['Firmament']], 'Florentina', 'Florentina purpurea', 'Janet Barnes', [[Ib.IbZua]['Zua']].

---+++ <a name="Hybrids">Hybrids</a>

Since Florentina is already a natural hybrid with limited fertility it is unusual to for it to hynridize with other Irises.
__Iris florentina__ *crosses:* [[TbAthruE.TbAltarCandles]['Altar Candles']], 'Tan Crown', 'Vendor'.

---+++ <a name="Synonyms">Synonyms</a>

'Florentina' (Collected Italy, Introduced. N. Europe about 1500). TB; W1, White self. "The name Iris florentina has been applied to various forms of Iris. According to the best botanical usage it is not a proper designation of any species of this genus. It is therefore treated here, as also in Bailey's Standard Cyclopedia, as horticultural variety of Iris germanica, but since it is distinct and has a collection of forms it also is referred to as Iris florentina. 'Florentina' has beautiful, scented, flowers of a very faintly bluish shade rather than pure white and on the falls there is some greenish-yellow veining on the haft, and a deep yellow beard, a few hairs often present on claw of standard. Like Iris germanica the inflorescence is branched and these branches are quite long, immediately distinguishing it from Iris albicans Lange in which the lateral flowers are sessile. Gerarde 1597.

---+++ <a name="Chromosome">Chromosomes</a>

2n=44. Colasante & Saer, 1993. [Iris germanica L.].

---+++ <a name="Distribution">Distribution & Cultivation</a>

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-- Main.RPries - 2010-01-11

I	Attachment	Action	Size	Date	Who	Comment
jpg	FlorentinaDCL.jpg	manage	54 K	16 May 2014 - 16:53	Main.Betsy881	Photo by Dottie Ladman
jpg	Iris_florentina_T23.jpg	manage	48 K	12 Dec 2014 - 18:53	BobPries	Courtesy of Biodiversity Heritage Library
jpg	florentina.jpg	manage	58 K	15 Jul 2016 - 19:24	BobPries	Sibthrop, J., Smith, J.E., Flora Graeca (drawings), vol. 1: t. 39 (1806)
JPG	Florintina.JPG	manage	871 K	31 Oct 2020 - 18:58	Main.Harloiris	Photo by John Black, zone 4 Montana
JPG	Florentina.JPG	manage	34 K	30 Jan 2011 - 13:05	IrisP
jpg	florentina1-05.jpg	manage	16 K	29 Nov 2015 - 20:01	Main.mikeu	Photo by Mike Unser
jpg	florentina2-05.jpg	manage	20 K	29 Nov 2015 - 20:01	Main.mikeu	Photo by Mike Unser
jpg	Iris-Florentina.jpg	manage	77 K	14 May 2020 - 20:13	SanjaKovacic	Iris x florentina from the native locality in Croatia, grown in the Mediterranean collection of Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, Croatia
jpg	20170514_135103_(2)Iris_x_germanica_var._florentina_Orris_Root01.jpg	manage	1023 K	23 May 2017 - 18:37	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Holly Johnson-Taken at 05/14/17 at MN Landscape Arboretum
jpg	20170519_135519Iris_x_germanica_var_Florentina_Orris_Root_(2)02.jpg	manage	1 MB	23 May 2017 - 18:39	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Holly Johnson-Taken at 05/14/17 at MN Landscape Arboretum
jpg	Florentina03.jpg	manage	44 K	19 Dec 2015 - 14:19	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Argyle Acres Iris Gardens
jpg	floerentina5.jpg	manage	134 K	18 Jul 2022 - 15:23	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Tammy Skahan-Ozark Iris Gardens
jpg	floertina02.jpg	manage	73 K	14 Jul 2014 - 15:52	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Sandy Gessner Eggertson-Merlebleu Iris Garden-Manitoba,Canada
jpg	florentia4.jpg	manage	83 K	05 Jun 2018 - 01:13	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Holly Johnson at the Minnesota Landscape Aboretum-Zone4B
jpg	florentia5.jpg	manage	181 K	05 Jun 2018 - 01:12	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Holly Johnson at the Minnesota Landscape Aboretum-Zone4B
JPG	florentina03.JPG	manage	926 K	29 Apr 2018 - 01:25	Main.TLaurin	Photo scanned from the Geraldine Couturier slide collection
JPG	florentina04.JPG	manage	498 K	14 May 2018 - 22:20	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Nancy McDonald-The Pickle Barrel Collection.
JPG	florentina05.JPG	manage	382 K	14 May 2018 - 22:23	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Nancy McDonald-The Pickle Barrel Collection.
JPG	florentina06.JPG	manage	120 K	25 Mar 2019 - 02:43	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Don McQueen-London,Ont.-Canada Zone 5
jpg	florentina3.jpg	manage	35 K	01 Jun 2016 - 01:58	Main.TLaurin
jpg	florentina5.jpg	manage	132 K	19 May 2019 - 02:59	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Delane Langton-Eagle Ridge Iris Gardens
jpg	florentina7.jpg	manage	58 K	31 Jan 2019 - 15:02	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Old House Gardens.
jpg	floretina4.jpg	manage	193 K	09 Jun 2018 - 02:47	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Sandy Gessner Eggertson-Merlebleu Iris Garden-Manitoba,Canada
jpg	iflorentina01.jpg	manage	21 K	11 Sep 2014 - 16:11	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Seagate Irises-United Kingdom
jpg	iflorentina1.jpg	manage	35 K	28 May 2013 - 18:45	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Sandy Gessner Eggertson-Merlebleu Iris Garden-Manitoba,Canada
jpg	iflorentina2.jpg	manage	142 K	05 Jun 2019 - 02:58	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Sandy Gessner Eggertson-Merlebleu Iris Garden-Manitoba,Canada
JPG	iflorentina20.JPG	manage	324 K	04 Jun 2023 - 02:11	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Sandy Gessner Eggertson-Merlebleu Iris Garden-Manitoba,Canada
jpg	irisflorerntina9.jpg	manage	177 K	22 Apr 2021 - 18:27	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Christine Skelmersdale-Broadleigh Gardens-United Kingdom
jpg	Florentina_Bot_Mag_671.jpg	manage	63 K	05 Aug 2011 - 14:04	UnknownUser	Table 671 from Bot Mag

Topic revision: r41 - 04 Jun 2023, TLaurin

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