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---++ ■(SPEC) _Iris paradoxa_ Stev.

1817, Botanical author Steven
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<b><i>Iris paradoxa</i> Steven</b> ( [[Main.Bio.HybridizerStevenChristian][Christian von Steven]], 1817, Transcaucasia, Armenia, Northern Persia); [[Main.InfoClassificationSectionOncocyclus][Section _Oncocyclus_ ]] Color Code-S3D; Height 4-10" (10-25 cm). Described in _Flora USSR_: "Falls almost black violet, standards bright violet or dark violet blackish purple hairs."

See below:
   * * [[#References][References]]
   * * [[#Synonyms][Synonyms]]
   * * [[#Variations][Variations]]
   * * [[#Hybrids][Hybrids]]
   * * [[#Distribution][Distribution and Cultivation]]
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[[http://www.turkiyebitkileri.com/index.php?dil=en&id=2&familya=34&cins=263&tur=4169#.V88B8mZTHx8][Additional images in Turkey]]
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%ENDBG% <a name="References">----</a>
---+++ References:

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| _Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc._ 5: 355. 1817;|
| _Gartenflora_ 12: 16. Tab. 386. 1863, illustrated in color.<img src="%PUBURL%///Spec/SpecParadoxa/paradoxagarteflora.jpg" style="margin: 10px; float: right; height: 400px;" />|
| The Garden. An illustrated weekly journal of horticulture in all its branches [ed. William Robinson],[[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/82659#page/624/mode/1up][ vol. 32: p.584, (1887)]]<img src="%PUBURL%///Spec/SpecParadoxa/paradoxathegarden.jpg" style="margin: 10px; float: right; height: 400px;" />| 
| [[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14243#page/151/mode/1up][Described by Baker in _Curtis's Botanical Magazine_, table 7081, 1889]] <img src="%PUBURL%///Spec/SpecParadoxa/Paradoxa_Bot_Mag_7180.jpg" style="margin: 10px; float: right; height: 400px;" />as follows: "This very curious iris has long been known in cultivation, but is still very rare. It closely resembles its better known neighbour _Iris iberica_ in habit, leaves, and the inner segments of the perianth, which in both species vary in color from white to lilac; but the outer segments of the perianth are quite peculiar and different from that of any other iris in being reduced to a mere tip and narrow margin to the diffusely-bearded claw. All the species of the subgenus Oncocyclus are restricted to the arid regions of Western Asia, one or other of them extending all the way from the borders of Egypt northward to the Caucasus. Our drawing was made from a plant flowered by Mr. R. I. Lynch at the Cambridge Botanical Gardens last May. It also flowered at Kew at about the same time.</br></br>*"Description:* Rootstock short. Produced leaves four or five, crowded at the base of the flowering stem, linear, glaucous, at most half a foot long. Flowering stem one-headed, terete, shorter than the leaves. Spathe-valves large, ventricose, oblong, greenish-white, withered at the tip at the flowering time. Pedicel and perianth-tube short; ovary cylindrical; outer segments of the perianth spreading horizontally, about an inch long, copiously veined with brownish-black on a pale brown groundwork, reduced to a mere tip and margin to the diffusely-bearded claw; inner segments of the perianth erect, large, lilac or white, obovate, narrowed suddenly to a short claw. Style-branches very convex on the back; apical crests small, deltoid. Anthers linear, longer than the filaments."|
| Krel. 1892; 1913; Van W. 1906; Hocker 1938;|
| F.C.C., R.H.S. 1900, shown by Van T.; Hort Dir. 42: 60. 1901;|
| Dykes in The Genus Iris, 1913</br></br>Description.</br></br> *Rootstock* , a slender rhizome with crowded shoots.</br> *Leaves* , dwarf, narrow, falcate, resembling those of I. iberica.</br> *Stem* , 4-6 in. long, bearing a reduced leaf.</br> *Spathes* , green, clasping the tube, 2 in. long, 1-flowered, somewhat inflated and very slightly tinged with purple at the extreme edge.</br> *Pedicel* , very short.</br> *Ovary* , trigonal, under an inch long, pointed at either end.</br> *Tube* , 1/2-3/4 in.</br> *Falls* , strap-shaped, extended horizontally with nearly parallel edges. The end is rounded and slightly emarginate. The groundwork is a pale crimson or light purple, almost completely covered along the centre with black-purple hairs, giving the whole surface the appearance of black velvet. At the edges there are thick black-purple veins. About half an inch from the upper end there is a narrow cross band of pale pinkish crimson, beyond which the ground colour is almost obscured by thick black-purple veins ; 2 in. long by ½-¾ broad.</br> *Standards* . The orbicular blade narrows gradually to the short haft, which bears a number of blue or violet hairs. The bluish-white ground colour is closely veined with thick deep blue-violet veins and dotted with the same colour.</br> *Styles* , of a brownish-yellow colour, closely covered with dark brown-purple spots arranged in lines.</br> *Crests* , very small, with finely serrate edges.</br> *Stigma* , entire, prominent, oblong.</br> *Filaments* , tinged with purple.</br> *Anthers* , cream.</br> *Pollen* , cream.</br> *Capsule* , 2 in., rounded trigonal, tapering gradually at either end.</br> *Seeds,* globose with large creamy aril.</br></br>Observations.</br></br>This Iris was rightly named paradoxa, " the unexpected," for its standards are four times as wide as the falls, which look and feel like a narrow strip of black velvet.</br></br>It is not a robust species nor is it at all easy to keep from year to year in England. It was partly for this reason that Foster crossed this Iris with several strong-growing Pogoniris, such as I. variegata and I. pallida. The result in each case was a plant midway between the two parents, less vigorous than the Pogoniris but yet able to grow on from year to year under ordinary cultivation. The feature of both Parvar (or Parsam, for Foster himself told me that he had forgotten exactly what Pogoniris he had used) and Parpall, which obviously resembles a pallida, is the broad velvety beard, which however is not quite so dense as that of I. paradoxa but allows the light ground colour to be seen. | 
<a name="synonyms">----</a>
---+++Synonyms.
 Velvet Iris; _Oncocyclus paradoxus_ Siemss.
<a name="Variations">----</a>
---+++Variations
_Iris paradoxa_ *cultivars* include: [[SpecParadoxaAtrata]['Atrata']], [[SpecParadoxaChoschab]['Choschab']], 'Jolfa Form', [[SpecParadoxaMedwedewi]['Medwedewi']], [[SpecParadoxaMirabilis]['Mirabilis']], 'Paradoxa', [[SpecParadoxaAlboLutescens]['Paradoxa Albo-Lutescens']], [[SpecParadoxaViolacea]'Paradoxa Violacea']].
<a name="Hybrids">----</a>
---+++Hybrids
_Iris paradoxa_ *crosses:*

__Iris paradoxa__ *crossed with [[Main.InfoClassificationSectionIris][ *Section Iris* ]] (arilbreds):*
   * _Iris paradoxa_ X [[SpecPallida][ _Iris pallida_ ]]: [[Ab.AbAlkmene]['Alkmene']], [[Ab.AbHamadan]['Hamadan']], [[Ab.AbLadyLilford]['Lady Lilford']], 'Parpall'
   * _Iris paradoxa_ X tall bearded: 'Parsam'
   * _Iris paradoxa_ X [[SpecVariegata][ _Iris variegata_ ]]: [[Ab.AbParvar]['Parvar']]
   * _Iris paradoxa_ and [[SpecVariegata][ _Iris variegata_ ]]: [[TbPthruT.TbShadrach]['Shadrach']]
__Iris paradoxa__ *crossed with [[Main.InfoClassificationSectionOncocyclus][Section _Oncocyclus_ ]]:*
   * _Iris paradoxa_ and [[SpecAcutiloba][ _Iris acutiloba_ ]]: ''Zuvendicus'
   * _[[SpecCamillae][Iris camillae]]_ X _Iris paradoxa_: [[Ar.ArFirstSergeant]['First Sergeant']]
   * _[[SpecIberica][Iris iberica]]_ X _Iris paradoxa_: [[Ar.ArIbParad]['Ib-Parad']]
   * _Iris paradoxa_ X _Iris iberica_: 'Koenigii', [[Ar.ArParadib]['Paradib']]
__Iris paradoxa__ *crossed with [[Main.InfoClassificationSectionRegelia][Section _Regelia_ ]]:*
   * _Iris paradoxa_ X [[SpecKorolkowii][ _Iris korolkowii_ ]]: ''Parkor'
   * _Iris korolkowii_ X _Iris paradoxa_: [[Ar.ArCamilla]['Camilla']], 'Clytemnestra', [[Ar.ArSirona][';Sirona']], 'Minerva',
¼ _Iris paradoxa_ crosses 'Cactiforium', 'Charming Chick', 'Clotho', 'Dear Me', 'Don Ricardo', 'Emily Pyke', 'Regal Plus'.
<a name="Distribution">----</a>
---+++Distribution & Cultivation

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-- Main.RPries - 2010-02-03

I	Attachment	Action	Size	Date	Who	Comment
jpg	Paradoxa_Bot_Mag_7180.jpg	manage	257 K	04 Feb 2014 - 17:04	BobPries	Biodiversity Heritage Library
jpg	paradoxa01.jpg	manage	72 K	27 Dec 2015 - 17:09	Main.TLaurin	Photo scanned from the Herbert Kerr slide collection
jpg	paradoxa1.jpg	manage	77 K	13 Apr 2020 - 14:40	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Tom Waters-Telperion Oasis
jpg	paradoxa12JB.jpg	manage	36 K	03 May 2012 - 14:25	Main.Betsy881	Photo by John Baumfalk grown from seed from Jelitto, Germany
jpg	paradoxa2.jpg	manage	94 K	13 Apr 2020 - 14:46	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Tom Waters-Telperion Oasis
jpg	paradoxa3.jpg	manage	111 K	27 Apr 2020 - 02:49	Main.TLaurin	Photo by Tom Waters-Telperion Oasis
jpg	paradoxaAtrata.jpg	manage	22 K	22 Apr 2010 - 17:12	Main.Betsy881	Photo by John Baumfalk
JPG	paradoxaJB162.JPG	manage	54 K	07 May 2016 - 19:58	Main.Betsy881	Photo by John Baumfalk
jpg	paradoxaJB18.jpg	manage	44 K	16 May 2018 - 18:47	Main.Betsy881	Photo by John Baumfalk
JPG	paradoxaParadoxaJB15.JPG	manage	99 K	04 May 2015 - 20:48	Main.Betsy881	Photo by John Baumfalk
JPG	paradoxaSevan13JB.JPG	manage	110 K	02 May 2013 - 13:26	Main.Betsy881	Photo by John Baumfalk
jpg	paradoxa_-_Achilles.jpg	manage	21 K	06 Feb 2010 - 21:43	Main.Betsy881	Photo by Achilles
jpg	paradoxa_-_Walker.jpg	manage	27 K	06 Feb 2010 - 21:43	Main.Betsy881	Photo by Walker
jpg	paradoxa__choschab_-_Achilles.jpg	manage	29 K	06 Feb 2010 - 21:46	Main.Betsy881	Photo by Achilles
jpg	paradoxadetail.jpg	manage	141 K	12 Apr 2016 - 12:01	BobPries	John Baumfalk photo detail
jpg	paradoxagarteflora.jpg	manage	122 K	22 Jul 2016 - 19:37	BobPries	From Gartenflora 1863
jpg	paradoxathegarden.jpg	manage	77 K	22 Jul 2016 - 19:25	BobPries	From The Garden 1889

Topic revision: r25 - 04 Apr 2022, TLaurin

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